What are brown spots and freckles?
Freckles are very common, particularly in fair-skinned people. Freckles are due to localised accumulation of melanin (pigment) in keratinocytes (top skin layer). This is usually more prominent during summer and less than 3mm size.
Brown spots are from accumulative sun damage. They are larger and more defined than freckles. Brown spots are common in adulthood.
It is best to check any new or changing spots for skin cancer. If there is any asymmetry, difference in colour, larger or growing moles, please get them checked.
What is the treatment for brown spots and freckles?
- Year-round, life -long sun protection, use broad spectrum sunscreen.
- Topical therapy
- Reduce pigment production: hydroquinone, retinoid, azelaic acid, kojic acid, cysteamine cream, vitamin C, tranexamic acid, glutathione, soybean extract, arbutin, niacinamide, green tea, liquorice root, silymarin, tranexamic acid
- Reduce pigment transfer: niacinamide, retinoids, soy
- Increase skin turnover: AHA, BHA, retinoids
- In clinic treatment
- Chemical peel: superficial pigment can be peeled off using AHA, glycolic acid, BHA
- Laser (QS/PICO) or IPL